Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the family of coronaviruses. The first cases were recorded in Wuhan, China, between December 2019 and January 2020. Italy is one of the most affected countries in Europe. COVID-19 is a new challenge in modern dentistry. New guidelines are required in dental clinics to avoid contagion caused by cross-infections. A narrative review was performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Twelve articles were selected to develop the bibliographic review by applying pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Precautionary measures should be applied to control COVID-19 in clinical practice. Several authors have highlighted the importance of telephone triage and/or clinic questionnaires, body temperature measurement, usage of personal protective equipment, surface disinfection with ethanol between 62% and 71%, high-speed instruments equipped with an anti-retraction system, four-handed work, and large-volume cannulas for aspiration. Clinically, the use of a rubber dam is essential. FFP2 (or N95) and FFP3 respirators, if compared to surgical masks, provide greater protection for health workers against viral respiratory infections. Further accurate studies are needed to confirm this.
Highlights
IntroductionZoonotic diseases constitute a large group of infections that can be transmitted from animals to humans, regardless of the presence of vectors [1]
The selected articles were divided into two main groups according to the treated topic: SARS-CoV-2 guidelines in dentistry (Table 1) and analysis of preventive masks used for protection against SARS-CoV-2 (Table 2)
Temperature measurement is recommended when the patient enters the dental office; if the body temperature exceeds 37.3 ◦ C, it is suggested the treatment be postponed [30]
Summary
Zoonotic diseases constitute a large group of infections that can be transmitted from animals to humans, regardless of the presence of vectors [1]. 80% of viruses, 50% of bacteria, and 40% of fungi are capable of generating a zoonotic infection [2]. Bats are considered important reservoirs and vectors for the exponential spread of zoonotic infectious diseases; they are associated with SARS and Ebola, the latter of which was responsible for an epidemic with its epicenter in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2014 [3]. SARS coronavirus in 2003 and 2019, and H1N1 flu in 2009 have demonstrated how a zoonotic infection can spread rapidly among humans, causing potentially irreversible global repercussions, from an economic, social, and health-related standpoint [2]. Globalization and the intensification of international movements have greatly facilitated the spread of viruses [1,2,3,4]
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