Abstract
COVID-19 is highly fatal disease having high mortality rate and is declared as pandemic situation by world health organization. It shows a clear indication that every individual is at risk of this pandemic especially older individual and immunocompromised persons. As its casual agent is SARS-Cov-2 and the main target site of this virus is the ACE2 receptor of lungs. But as compared to lungs ACE2 receptor is highly expressed in other organs i.e. kidney, liver, brain, GI tract, cutaneous, adipose tissues and cardiovascular system these organs are susceptible to COVID-19 infections because of having ACE2 receptor. Many co-infections associated with COVID-19 are reported i.e. neurological manifestation of COVID-19, cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19, endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis, adipose tissues infections, cerebral hemorrhage, liver injury, cardiovascular complications, kidney infection, trigger immune system response and subsequent organ failure. In this review we highlight ACE2 mediated viral entry of the SARS-Cov-2 and subsequent multi organ failure in COVID-19.
Highlights
In December 2019 a pandemic of acute respiratory distress syndromes occurred in Wuhan, China, the early evidence suggests this may be due to exposure to local sea foods in China [1] The pathogen was isolated from Chinese patients and designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARSCOV-2) .WHO announces this as global pandemic on March 11; 2020
As compared to lungs ACE2 receptor is highly expressed in other organs i.e. kidney, liver, brain, GI tract, cutaneous, adipose tissues and cardiovascular system these organs are susceptible to COVID-19 infections because of having ACE2 receptor
From the above study it is concluded that as ACE2 is involved in viral entry of SARS-Cov-2 and as this receptor is present on many organs so all these organs are susceptible to COVID-19
Summary
In December 2019 a pandemic of acute respiratory distress syndromes occurred in Wuhan, China, the early evidence suggests this may be due to exposure to local sea foods in China [1] The pathogen was isolated from Chinese patients and designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARSCOV-2) .WHO announces this as global pandemic on March 11; 2020. Recent reports suggested that COVID-19 infection is not confined only to lungs.As ACE2 receptor is the binding site of (SARS-COV-2) and there are abundance of this receptor on different body organs such as in alveolar epithelial type II cells of lung tissues, as well as extrapulmonary tissues such as the heart, endothelium, kidneys, and intestines [3, 4, 5, 6]. In addition to respiratory disease there are a lot of complications associated with COVID-19. Reported data have shown neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Lungs are its primary target but there are many related data supporting the cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 [11, 12,]. Enhanced ACE2 receptor expression in kidney supports nephritic cells damage in kidney due to COVID-19 [15]. This review is an effort to highlights some of the co-infections associated with COVID-19 and multi organs failure
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