Abstract
The current literature still gives a little information about the relationships between the ABO blood group system and the immune response to the virus or the different disease outcomes. Hypothesizing the presence of a predisposition by some blood groups to COVID-19, we searched for differences between patients towards the different outcomes of disease.We enrolled 330 inpatients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, determining both their ABO blood group system and Rh factor, collecting demographic, clinical and laboratory data. We searched for relationships with COVID-19 outcomes within an observation period of 180 days (Intensification of Care - IoC, Inhospital death, 180-days mortality). The most frequent ABO blood group was A (45.8%); a minor part was represented by group O (38.8%), B (11.5%), AB (3.9%). As for the Rh factor, 86.7% of patients were Rh-positive. There were no significant differences between blood groups and Rh factors as for age, length of hospital stays (LoS), or Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), nor we found significant relationships between the ABO groups and COVID-19 outcomes. A significant relation was found between AB group and IoC (p=0.03) while as for the Rh factor, the patients with Rh factor positive died with less frequency during the stay (p=0.03). Cox regression analyses showed substantial differences in the survival functions concerning the Rh factors.The Rh factor seems to be involved in the 180-day prognosis. The survival functions of patients with Rh factor positive show, in fact, significantly better curves when compared to those with Rh factor negative.
Highlights
Since the spread of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) breakthrough in January 2020, many studies have analyzed the characteristics of SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
(CCI), nor we found significant relation- ies on SARS-CoV demonstrated the exisships between the ABO groups and tence of a relationship between infection COVID-19 outcomes
Cox regression analyses showed substantial patients hospitalized with severe COVID- infections remains unclear; the main goal of differences in the survival functions con- 19, has contributed to detect a susceptibility this study is to examine the existing relacerning the Rh factors
Summary
From March 15 to June 13, 2020, 330 patients were hospitalized in our two main hospitals of Ferrara province dedicated to COVID inpatients. All of them received a laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed by at least one viral RNA detection at the oro- and naso-pharyngeal swab. We determined both their ABO groups and Rh factors, describing all demographic, anamnestic and clinical charactertion data, https://www.gimema.it/diffusione-dei-gruppi-sanguigni/), where the most prevalent blood group is A (44%), followed by group O (40%), group B (11%) and group AB (5%). We analyzed the length of stay, LoS, (mean time 21±16 days), finding no differences between groups for ABO blood group and Rh factor (Tables 1 and 2). We searched for relationships between the ABO groups and the main outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection n- Table 1. Demographic, anamnestic and clinical data of patients divided for AB0 blood group
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