Abstract
Corona virus disease (COVID -19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome which cause respiratory tract illness. The pandemic caused by virus originated in Wuhan. Later declared as a pandemic by WHO. It causes symptom like common cold, fever, body ache, cough and loss of taste sensation which are commonly seen in most of the patient. Older and one with comorbidity are at high risk to get infected. The average time period from exposure to symptoms is 5 days. Many asymptotic cases where reported which shows no symptoms but show viral load on RT-PCR. Patients are considered covid-19 positive based on clinical features & radiological findings. On chest x-ray it shows ground-glass opacity. More than 75 percent of patients hospitalized require supplemental oxygen. Treatment for individual with COVID -19 include best practice for supportive management of acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Immediate hospitalization of positive patient if spo2 drops below 95 percent . Diagnosis is made by detection of SARS cov-2 via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing, although false positive result may occur in up to 20 to 60 % patients. Suspected cases are quarantine for 14 days. Preventive measures include hand washing, social distancing etc. Recently COVISHEILD & COVAXIN is approved for emergency use. Reaction of vaccination include fever ,body ache, swelling at local site, pain, malaise, joint pains.
Highlights
In December 2019, a series of acute atypical respiratory tract occurred in Wuhan, China
The novel Coronavirus was named as acute respiratory tract syndrome (SARSCoV-2).It was considered that this infection was spread from sea-market of Hubei China but later discovered that it spread through droplet or aerosol
1-3 days before symptoms appear sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) COV -2 RNA can be visualised and the highest viral load observed around the day of symptom onset by RT-PCR technique followed by gradual decrease of viral load over time(7) RT-PCR positivity duration appear to be 1-2 weeks for individual without any symptom and individual with mild moderate symptoms it appear upto 3 weeks or more (8) and much longer duration of positivity for severe cases
Summary
In individual in whom viral shedding decreased so RT PCR is giving false result. Not useful in the diagnosis of present infection but can assess previous exposure to virus. Complications : According to study reveal men are more likely to develop more serious complication as compared to female (16) The complication noticed in patient with SARS-COV -2 include: [1]Laryngitis and laryngeal oedema [2]Coagulopathy mainly disseminated intravascular coagulation, venous thromboembolism, elevated D-dimer, prolong prothrombin time. Favipravir(19) Remdesivir (20) Ribavirin (21) Antiparasitic :Hydroxychloroquine Antibiotics :Oritavancin Dalbavancin (22) Azithromycin(23) Steroids : Oral Prednisolone 20 mg or dexamethasone 4mg per day for 5-7 days will work if mild symptoms are present. Anti-IL 6 agent [Tocilizimab](24) : If given don’t manifest fever or raised as a marker of infection
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