COVID-19 И САРКОИДОЗ: КОМОРБИДНОСТЬ, ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ, ПРИЧИННО-СЛЕДСТВЕННЫЕ СВЯЗИ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Abstract

Abstract. Introduction. Sarcoidosis and COVID-9 are diseases in which the response of the human immune system plays a significant role in the pathogenesis. Descriptions of cases of a combination of these diseases and the development of a granulomatous reaction in those who have undergone COVID-19 make it relevant to study these two diseases. Aim. The aim of the work was to analyze publications available in electronic libraries that included information about patients with sarcoidosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. A search was conducted in the domestic electronic library E-library, as well as PubMed / Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar for two keywords “COVID-19” and “sarcoidosis”. 47 papers were selected and analyzed. Results and discussion. An analysis of basic research indicates the possibility of mutual influence of these diseases at the level of cytokines, enzymes and immune system reactions. Moreover, 33 common differentially expressed genes have been identified. When diagnosing sarcoidosis and COVID-19 using computed tomography, similar patterns were noted, with the exception of focal dissemination, which is characteristic only for sarcoidosis. Hopes are placed on software capable of self-learning based on verified cases. The incidence of COVID-19 in patients with sarcoidosis ranged from 0.34% to 4%. The course of COVID-19 in these patients was not severe or threatening, with the exception of elderly patients with initially severe sarcoidosis with ventilatory insufficiency and comorbidities. In the post-covid period, cases of sarcoidosis or sarcoid reactions that developed after recovery have been described. Similar reactions have been described after vaccination against coronavirus infection. These facts also testify in favor of the generality of immunological and metabolic changes that determine the mutual influence of diseases. Conclusion. The combination of sarcoidosis and COVID-19 occurred during the pandemic, but in most cases did not lead to mutual aggravation of the conditions. The development of granulomatous processes after COVID-19 and vaccination against this disease makes further fundamental research aimed at finding common links in the pathogenesis of these diseases relevant.