Abstract
Signal outage, due to shadowing and blockage, is expected to be the main bottleneck in millimeter wave (mmWave) networks. Moreover, the anticipated dense deployment of base stations in mmWave networks is expected to increase the interference from strong line-of-sight base stations too, thus further increasing the probability of outage. To address the issue of reducing outage, this paper explores the possibility of base station co-operation in the downlink of mmWave heterogenous networks. The main focus of this work is showing that, in a stochastic geometry framework that incorporates blockage, co-operation from randomly located base stations decreases the probability of outage/increases the coverage probability. Coverage probabilities are derived accounting for: blockage, different fading distributions on the direct links (but always Rayleigh fading on the interference links), antenna directionality, and different tiers. Numerical results suggest that coverage with base station co-operation in dense mmWave systems (i.e., with high average number of base stations per square meter), without small scale fading on the direct communications links, and with any probability of signal blockage, considerably exceeds coverage without co-operation. In contrast, a small increase in coverage is reported when mmWave networks are less dense, have a high probability of signal blockage and the direct communications links are affected by Rayleigh fading.
Highlights
One of the fundamental goals for 5G is a radical increase in data rates [1]
We propose to study the problem of base station cooperation in the downlink of dense millimeter wave (mmWave) heterogenous network as a means to combat blockage and decrease signal outage
We study the benefits of base station cooperation in the downlink of a heterogenous mmWave cellular system as a means to decrease signal outage
Summary
One of the fundamental goals for 5G is a radical increase in data rates [1]. It is anticipated that higher data rates will be achieved by extreme densification of base stations, massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), increased data rate and/or base station cooperation [1]. To fulfill the need for increased bandwidth, millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum between 30 and 300 GHz are being considered for future. It is reasonable to model these networks as having different tiers of base stations. Cooperation between macro, pico and femto base stations has been proposed to enable a uniform broadband user experience across the network, and coordination among different tiers will be a key requirement to mitigate interference in dense 5G networks [5]. Receivers will be allowed to have a dual connectivity by simultaneously connecting to the base station from a macrocell and that from small cell for either uplink and downlink communications [5]. In this work we consider different tiers of cooperating base stations.
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