Coverage and Predictors of Adherence to Influenza Vaccination among Spanish Children and Adults with Asthma

Abstract

Influenza infections are frequently implicated in the exacerbation of asthma. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage among Spanish children and adults with asthma and to describe the factors associated(predictors) with vaccination, using data from the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey. Subjects were classified as asthma sufferers if they answered affirmatively to the question, "Has your doctor told you that you (or your child) currently suffer from asthma?" Influenza vaccination status was assessed via the question, "Did you (or your child) have a flu shot in the latest campaign?" The following were analyzed as possible predictors of influenza vaccination: sociodemographic variables;health-related and lifestyle variables; variables linked to the use of healthcare services. A total of 38,329 records of individuals aged over 6 months were analyzed, and of these, 2,337 were classified as asthmatics. Among asthmatics, overall influenza coverage was 32.6% (18.8% among children, and 38% among adults).Whereas the sole variable that predicted a higher coverage among children was parents' negative perception of their child's health, among adults positive predictors included older age, lower educational level, suffering from concomitant chronic disease, and non- or ex-smoker status. The overall influenza vaccination coverage among subjects who suffer from asthma in Spain is very low. Special attention should be paid to children, younger adults, and smokers, since these subjects have the lowest adherence to vaccine recommendations. Strategies focused on health-care providers and patients must be urgently implemented to improve influenza vaccination coverage among asthma sufferers.