Cover crops as the main element of biologization of agriculture in the no-till system for reproduction of soil fertility

Olga Tomashova,Aleksandr Ilyin,Lubov Veselova,Suleyman Abdurashytov,Nicolay Osenniy,D Rudoy,V Kankhva,A Olshevskaya

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202021004010

Olga Tomashova, Aleksandr Ilyin + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021004010

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Abstract

The goal is to develop the main elements of biologization of the No-till system in the conditions of the Piedmont-steppe zone of Crimea, to study the effect of various types of ground cover crops on soil fertility, yield and grain quality of agricultural crops in conditions of insufficient and unstable moisture. When intermediate crops were cultivated as ground cover crops in the No-till system, the available moisture reserves in the meter layer were at a satisfactory level after vetch cultivation - 107.6 mm and in the control (without ground cover crops) - 99.6 mm. The highest yield of green mass of ground cover crops was in all variants with the use of multicomponent mixtures, which was 2 or more times higher than the yield of intermediate ground cover crops from 1–2 and 3 spring crops and almost 10 times higher than that of winter rye. This made it possible to fix 30–33 kg of nitrogen, 4–5.9 kg of phosphorus and 13.9–16.7 kg of potassium in plants and in the root system annually by the end of the growing season of spring crops per hectare of sowing.

Highlights

Soil fertility management, which consists in regulating soil processes in order to ensure optimal parameters of the main factors of plant life in the long term, is a key task of agriculture.Biologization of agriculture allows solving the problem of reproduction of soil fertility, providing optimal conditions for the growth and development of agricultural plants in order to obtain high yields due to the activation of biological factors, those that determine soil fertility
Winter crops when grown in intermediate ground cover crops in 1, 2and 3-component mixtures provided a yield of green mass 1.8-2.1 times less than spring crops, and 3.6-4.1 times less multicomponent spring mixtures consisting of 5, 8, 10- and 13-crops
When the maximum possible biomass of spring crops was obtained in the conditions of the Piedmont-steppe zone of Crimea, by the end of their growing season, 30– 33 kg of nitrogen, 4–5.9 kg of phosphorus and 13.9–16.7 kg were recorded in the aboveground part of plants and in the root system potassium per hectare of crops

Summary

Introduction

Soil fertility management, which consists in regulating soil processes in order to ensure optimal parameters of the main factors of plant life in the long term, is a key task of agriculture. Biologization of agriculture allows solving the problem of reproduction of soil fertility, providing optimal conditions for the growth and development of agricultural plants in order to obtain high yields due to the activation of biological factors, those that determine soil fertility. The authors confirm our conclusion about the positive dynamics of the influence of the No-till (NT) system on soil fertility and organic matter content. No-till increased the organic matter content of soil C (28%) and earthworms (5 times) compared to conventional tillage (CT). The use of rye (Secale cereale L.) instead of Vicki (Vicia villosa Roth.) as a cover crop under NT, it reduced N2O and increased yield. N2O emissions decreased by 51% at NT compared to CT in well-drained silt-clay soils [1]

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