Abstract
Butterflies are considered bioindicators of environmental change. We evaluated the combined effects of climate and land‐use interactions on butterfly diversity in tropical rainforest and savanna ecosystems of southwestern China. The results showed that increasing land‐use intensity not only caused a dramatic decrease in butterfly alpha diversity but also significantly simplified butterfly species composition, and finally revealed interactions between human‐modified habitat change and climate change shaped butterfly diversity in both ecosystems. Our study has important implications for biodiversity conservation under the current era of rapid human‐induced habitat loss and climate change (see pages 1109‐1120). The photo is provided by Bai‐Ge Miao, which the butterfly Papilio memnon is visiting the Ixora casei ‐Super king‐ flowers.
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