Abstract
We analyze the covariant vertex operators for the open superstring in the Siegel formulation. We show that the requirement of invariance of the massless vertex under the gauge invariances of the superstring puts the background on shell. By going into the light-cone gauge we show that the massless vertices coincide with the corresponding vertices of Green and Schwarz. We discuss the calculation of the tree-level superstring S-matrices in covariant gauges and the corresponding effective action. We assume that ghosts decouple at the tree level and calculate the S-matrix. The result does not reproduce the known firld-theoretic S-matrix and therefore we conclude that the knowledge of the ghosts is necessary even at the tree level in order to obtain the correct S-matrix in a covariant formalism.
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