Abstract
We propose the generalized holographic dark energy model where the infrared cutoff is identified with the combination of the FRW universe parameters: the Hubble rate, particle and future horizons, cosmological constant, the universe lifetime (if finite) and their derivatives. It is demonstrated that with the corresponding choice of the cutoff one can map such holographic dark energy to modified gravity or gravity with a general fluid. Explicitly, F(R) gravity and the general perfect fluid are worked out in detail and the corresponding infrared cutoff is found. Using this correspondence, we get realistic inflation or viable dark energy or a unified inflationary-dark energy universe in terms of covariant holographic dark energy.
Highlights
Quantum field considerations may play a fundamental role in the study of the early- and late-universe evolution
We propose the generalized holographic dark energy model where the infrared cutoff is identified with the combination of the FRW universe parameters: the Hubble rate, particle and future horizons, cosmological constant, the universe lifetime and their derivatives
If we consider a particle with mass m, the quantum correction to the vacuum energy density ρvacuum is given by 1 ρvacuum = ± (2π
Summary
Quantum field considerations may play a fundamental role in the study of the early- and late-universe evolution. The infrared cutoff might be given by the temperature of the current universe T ∼ 10−3 eV; the energy scale of the vacuum energy in the present universe can be naturally given if we consider the massless particle, ρvacuum ∼ ∓. The problem of the original holographic dark energy model [4] where the infrared cutoff was chosen as the size of the event horizon is the fact that the corresponding FRW equations often do not correspond to any covariant gravity theory and even may not predict the acceleration of the universe. Different versions of the cutoff corresponding to generalized holographic dark energy [25] have been considered in Refs. We consider a generalized holographic dark energy with arbitrary cutoff which depends on the FRW universe parameters for the vacuum energy density ρvacuum. The occurrence of a dark energy universe or even a unified inflation–dark energy universe in terms of such a theory is demonstrated
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