Abstract
Few-photon ionization and relaxation processes in acetylene (C2H2) and ethane (C2H6) were investigated at the linac coherent light source x-ray free electron laser (FEL) at SLAC, Stanford using a highly efficient multi-particle correlation spectroscopy technique based on a magnetic bottle. The analysis method of covariance mapping has been applied and enhanced, allowing us to identify electron pairs associated with double core hole (DCH) production and competing multiple ionization processes including Auger decay sequences. The experimental technique and the analysis procedure are discussed in the light of earlier investigations of DCH studies carried out at the same FEL and at third generation synchrotron radiation sources. In particular, we demonstrate the capability of the covariance mapping technique to disentangle the formation of molecular DCH states which is barely feasible with conventional electron spectroscopy methods.
Highlights
Experiments using x-ray free electron lasers (FELs) have opened up extraordinary opportunities in many scientific areas
FEL experiments on Ne were carried out by Young and coworkers [4], on N2 by Cryan and coworkers [5] and by Fang and coworkers [6], and from these studies double core hole (DCH) states were known to be efficiently created at the linac coherent light source (LCLS) by sequential x-ray two-photon absorption
At the same time as the recent FEL work, DCH states have been studied in synchrotron radiation-based experiments using a highly efficient multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy technique based on a magnetic bottle [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
Summary
P v d Meulen, R D Thomas, M Larsson, L Foucar, J Ullrich, K Motomura, S Mondal, K Ueda, T Osipov, L Fang, B F Murphy, N Berrah, C Bostedt, J D Bozek, S Schorb, M Messerschmidt, J M Glownia, J P Cryan, R N Coffee, O Takahashi, S Wada, M N Piancastelli, R Richter, K C Prince and R Feifel
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