Abstract
Two highly efficient commercial organic photosensitizers—azure A (AA) and 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-(triphenyl)porphyrin (APTPP)—were covalently attached to the glass surface to form a photoactive monolayer. The proposed straightforward strategy consists of three steps, i.e., the initial chemical grafting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) followed by two chemical postmodification steps. The chemical structure of the resulting mixed monolayer (MIX_TC_APTES@glass) was widely characterized by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Raman spectroscopies, while its photoactive properties were investigated in situ by UV–Vis spectroscopy with α-terpinene as a chemical trap. It was shown that both photosensitizers retain their activity toward light-activated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after immobilization on the glassy surface and that the resulting nanolayer shows high stability. Thanks to the complementarity of the spectral properties of AA and APTPP, the effectiveness of the ROS photogeneration under broadband illumination can be optimized. The reported light-activated nanocoating demonstrated promising antimicrobial activity toward Escherichia coli (E. coli), by reducing the number of adhered bacteria compared to the unmodified glass surface.
Highlights
The chemical structures of the deposited layers were checked after each modification step by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopy
Azure A (AA) and APTPP photoactive molecules were chemically grafted on the glass surface in a straightforward three-step procedure
The chemical composition of the deposited layer was confirmed after each step by applying the XPS method, and at the very end, by Raman spectroscopy
Summary
Hospital-acquired infections, called nosocomial infections, happen to more than. The medical complications due to these nosocomial infections may cause serious health problems and/or prolonged stay in hospitals, which has an economic impact on the healthcare system [1]. Excessive use of antibiotics results in the decrease of their effectiveness, which in turn will lead to the development of a generation of pathogens resistant even to novel-class antimicrobial medicines [2]. One of the possible strategies is the application of the antimicrobial coatings on surfaces [3]; these can be generally divided into passive ones (lowering bacterial adhesion, such as poly(ethylene glycol)) and active materials with silver or copper nanoparticles, quaternary ammonium salts, cations of fluorinated polymers, etc. The light-activated layers that can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS)
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