Abstract
We demonstrate the application of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (“click” reaction) to couple gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) functionalized with low densities of functional ligands. The ligand coverage on the citrate-stabilized Au NPs was adjusted by the ligand:Au surface atom ratio, while maintaining the colloidal stability of the Au NPs in aqueous solution. A procedure was developed to determine the driving forces governing the selectivity and reactivity of citrate-stabilized and ligand-functionalized Au NPs on patterned self-assembled monolayers. We observed selective and remarkably stable chemical bonding of the Au NPs to the complimentarily functionalized substrate areas, even when estimating that only 1–2 chemical bonds are formed between the particles and the substrate.
Highlights
Limitations in lithographic technology have shifted the fabrication of nanoelectronic structures from purely top-down routes to the bottom-up assembly of hybrid, functional nanomaterials
Citrate-stabilized Au NPs were functionalized with azido undecanethiol (AUDT) or HeT by following the procedure shown in Scheme 1
The percentages given below correspond to the fractions of added thiol relative to the concentration of surface Au atoms
Summary
Limitations in lithographic technology have shifted the fabrication of nanoelectronic structures from purely top-down routes to the bottom-up assembly of hybrid, functional nanomaterials. Colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been recognized as attractive building blocks for nanoscale devices, mainly due to their unique optoelectronic [1,2] and catalytic properties [3,4] These properties vary with size, shape and physicochemical properties of the Au NPs [5,6]. Numerous top-down approaches have been developed to connect molecules or building blocks of interest, for example, via electro-deposition [7], break junction [8], ion-beam sputtering [9], electron migration [10] and so forth. Dithiol ligands are usually introduced after deposition of the NPs onto a substrate, because they cause severe aggregation of Au NPs when used in solution [17] In this way, it is not trivial to control the number of ligands connecting the nanoparticles or building blocks
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