Abstract
The coupling coefficients for the core and cladding hybrid modes in fibers subject to strain and heat are found using the orthogonality relation. The shifts of cladding mode resonances of long-period fiber gratings are explained as a result of several factors contributing to mode self-coupling. The longitudinal electric field component plays a peculiar role in the mode coupling and cannot be neglected in the analysis of strained and heated long-period fiber gratings. The mode degeneracy is removed in strained fibers with asymmetric long-period gratings, because the hybrid modes corresponding to the same LP mode have different longitudinal components, and the resonances of these modes undergo different shifts.
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