Abstract
We coupled a cardiovascular model with a thermoregulation model to predict human blood pressure in unsteady environmental conditions. Our cardiovascular model is a lumped parameter model and consists of 42 segments, which include the entire artery and vein system, divided into 18 segments; the heart, divided into 4 segments; and the pulmonary artery and vein. The vessel parameters were adjusted on the basis of local body blood volume and flow of the thermoregulation model in a thermoneutral environment. Blood pressure under unsteady environmental conditions is predicted by changing the heart rate and vessel resistance of the cardiovascular model which is controlled by blood flow that the thermoregulation model predicts. It is possible to predict the increase in blood pressure under cold environmental conditions and the increase in cardiac output under hot environmental conditions and when bathing. The model was validated by simulating bathing experiments. As the result, the model predicted the peak blood pressure later than the experimental data in a cold environment. To improve the accuracy of the model, it is necessary to consider a method for controlling the heart rate, vessel resistance, and gravity effects after a change in posture.
Highlights
In recent years, a decline in health due to thermal stress while bathing in winter among elderly people is increasing in Japan [1]
We developed a cardiovascular model coupled with a thermoregulation model called JOS-2 [4] to predict blood pressure fluctuation under unsteady environments and simulated a bathing experiment
An increase in blood pressure at cold exposure and a decrease in blood pressure at bathing were predicted because the heart rate and vessel resistance
Summary
A decline in health due to thermal stress while bathing in winter among elderly people is increasing in Japan [1]. It is important to predict blood pressure fluctuation under unsteady environments such as bathing for indoor thermal evaluation and measures to prevent a decline in health. Some research groups [2, 3] have tried to couple a thermoregulation model and a cardiovascular model to predict fluctuations in blood pressure due to thermal environmental changes. In these researches, both blood flows predicted by the thermoregulation model and the cardiovascular model do not coincide. We developed a cardiovascular model coupled with a thermoregulation model called JOS-2 [4] to predict blood pressure fluctuation under unsteady environments and simulated a bathing experiment
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