Abstract
Supermarkets are energy intensive buildings and present a unique space conditioning challenge because of the interaction between the HVAC system and the refrigerated display cabinets. HVAC system is the largest consumer of energy after refrigeration depending on system design, geographical location and controls. Night ventilation is used extensively as a low energy strategy to cool buildings in climates where night temperatures are suitable. This paper presents a study of cooling benefits of night ventilation for supermarkets with high cooling demand. Energy and environmental data from two stores with high percentage of frozen and chilled goods and with different HVAC systems are presented. Validated models in EnergyPlus are developed for the two stores and their systems. A parametric study of the coupled operation of night ventilation and active cooling for the climatic conditions of south east England is carried out and optimisation strategies are modelled. Results indicate that effective night ventilation can reduce the duration of active cooling during trading times and achieve 17% reduction in cooling annual energy use, 3.3% in total annual energy use while refrigeration energy use is not affected.
Highlights
Retail stores are among the most energy-intensive commercial buildings, consuming two or three times as much energy per unit floor area as office buildings
This paper presents a study of the energy use and the potential for savings due to mechanical night ventilative cooling of the HVAC systems of frozen food supermarkets and of supermarkets with high cooling requirements
As the HVAC of the CS1 is not operating during night and only free night cooling is in operation, there is a difference between the non-trading time energy use between the two stores
Summary
Retail stores are among the most energy-intensive commercial buildings, consuming two or three times as much energy per unit floor area as office buildings. Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems contribute to a considerable amount of the total energy use of supermarkets. This paper presents a study of the energy use and the potential for savings due to mechanical night ventilative cooling of the HVAC systems of frozen food supermarkets and of supermarkets with high cooling requirements. An analysis of the measured energy use and indoor environmental conditions of the two case study stores representing two different HVAC systems and associated controls but the same displayed products and refrigeration system is presented. It continues with the validated baseline model by EnergyPlus which enables the coupling approach of HVAC with the refrigeration system This model is used for parametric analysis of the night ventilative cooling control strategy applied to evaluate potential of VC in different HVAC applications in comparison with active cooling during night
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