Abstract
Temperature is an important factor in research on the biological effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), but interactions between ELF-EMF and temperature remain unknown. The effects of ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 3 mT) on the lifespan, locomotion, heat shock response (HSR), and oxidative stress (OS) of Canton-Special (CS) and mutant w1118 flies were investigated at 25°C and 35°C (thermal stress). Results showed that thermal stress accelerated the death rates of CS and w1118 flies, shortened their lifespan, and influenced their locomotion rhythm and activity. The upregulated expression levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 22, HSP26, and HSP70 indicated that HSR was enhanced. Thermal stress-induced OS response increased malondialdehyde content, enhanced superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased reactive oxygen species level. The effects of thermal stress on the death rates, lifespan, locomotion, and HSP gene expression of flies, especially w1118 line, were also enhanced by ELF-EMF. In conclusion, thermal stress weakened the physiological function and promoted the HSR and OS of flies. ELF-EMF aggravated damages and enhanced thermal stress-induced HSP and OS response. Therefore, thermal stress and ELF-EMF elicited a synergistic effect.
Highlights
Low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) poses potential health hazards and bio-effects [1]
Survival analysis results show that the death rates of the male and female CS and w1118 flies at 25°C noticeably accelerated under thermal stress
The coupling mechanisms of Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and thermal stress on CS and w1118 flies were investigated in this study
Summary
Low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) poses potential health hazards and bio-effects [1]. The United Nations and the International Telecommunications Union defined the influence of EMF as a core indicator of smart sustainable urban evaluation last year [2]. Epidemiological surveys and experimental research have indicated that ELF-EMF exposure is possibly associated with diseases, such as malignancies and cardiovascular, reproductive, and neurological disorders [3,4,5]. ELF-EMF unlikely elicits negative biological effects [6, 7] and plays a positive role under certain conditions [8,9,10]. The bio-effect of ELF-EMF is controversial, and its mechanism remains unclear.
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