Abstract
Impaired visibility resulting from rainfall contributes greatly to the occurrence of traffic accidents. This study presents a numerical simulation approach to analyze the extent to which the coupling of spray and raindrops reduces visibility and, thus, proposes safe speeds against inadequate visibility. The spray–raindrop coupling particles were modeled by considering real highway design parameters and rainfall conditions. The road visibility was estimated through simulating the multiple scattering process of taillights in the spray–rain medium, and the maximum safe speed against inadequate visibility was then derived by comparing the visibility with the required stopping sight distance. Results show that: (i) either a high speed of the front truck or a thick water film results in a significant reduction in road visibility and the maximum safe speed of the ego vehicle, (ii) front vehicle speed plays a more important role in visibility reduction than the water film thickness does.
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