Coupling heat transfer study of liquid sodium and supercritical carbon dioxide in a PCHE straight channel based on a four-equation model

Abstract

The Brayton cycle using supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) as the working fluid is expected to be a thermo-power conversion technology for sodium-cooled fast reactors. Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) is the key heat transport structure to realize the above technology. The study of conjugate heat transfer characteristics of sodium (Na) with low Prandtl number turbulent heat transfer characteristics and S-CO2 with supercritical convective heat transfer behaviors in a PCHE channel are of great significance. However, the constant turbulent Prandtl number (Prt) model obtained by the general Reynolds analogy hypothesis may affect the conjugate heat transfer assessment between Na and S-CO2. Compared with the constant Prt model, the fluid’s Prt distribution can be obtained by four-equation models, introducing the transport of turbulent kinetic energy k, dissipation rate ε of k, temperature fluctuation kθ, and dissipation rate εθ of kθ. The four-equation model is expected to obtain more effective conjugate heat transfer characteristics between Na andS-CO2, while there are no available commercial codes. Therefore, in this paper, two kinds of four-equation model, which can effectively evaluate the heat transport performance of Na with low-Prandtl number and S-CO2 away from the pseudo-critical region, respectively, are first introduced into the conjugate heat transfer solver of OpenFOAM. Then the conjugate heat transfer experiment data of Na in a pipe and the simulation data of S-CO2 in a PCHE straight channel are used to verify the validity of the numerical model in this paper. The results show that the present calculation method can effectively reproduce the numerical conjugate heat transfer process of Na and S-CO2. Finally, based on four-equation models, the coupling heat exchange performance of Na/S-CO2 are studied to obtain the effects of mass rate and temperature on the conjugate heat transfer process between Na and S-CO2 in a PCHE straight channel.