Coupling Coordination between Park Green Space (PGS) and Socioeconomic Deprivation (SED) in High-Density City Based on Multi-Scale: From Environmental Justice Perspective

Abstract

Several studies have revealed that park green space (PGS) plays a crucial role in improving residents’ quality of life and promoting sustainable development of the environment. However, rapid urbanization and population growth have led to an inequitable supply and demand for PGS, especially in high-density cities, which has been widely recognized as an important environmental justice issue. However, few studies have evaluated the equity and sustainability of PGS in high-density cities based on multi-scale. This study developed a framework to explore the spatial equity of PGS and its coupling coordination degree (CCD) with socioeconomic deprivation (SED) based on a multi-scale approach (pocket park, community park, and comprehensive park), then analyzed the spatial correlation between PGS and CCD. The results showed that: (1) The overall supply of 3-scale PGS does not meet residents’ demand for PGS resources in the study area and the urban center has the highest demand for PGS. (2) Among the three-scale PGS, the comprehensive PGS has the strongest supply capacity, but it also has the most severe supply–demand mismatch. (3) Although the service radius of pocket PGS is smaller than that of community PGS, the supply of pocket PGS is higher. (4) More than 95% of the studied area lacks coordination between PGS and SED development. (5) The subsystem that has the greatest spatial correlation with CCD in pocket PGS and comprehensive PGS was the number of configurations, while that in community PGS was the spatial arrangement. This study not only provides a theoretical reference for conducting research on PGS equity in high-density cities, but also provides a novel perspective on the sustainable, coordinated development and planning of urban PGS system.