Abstract
The coupling between different oscillation branches of a waveguide-mode free-electron laser has been studied. It is observed that the wave form of the upper branch of a waveguide-mode free-electron laser is modulated at the rate of the period of the mode-locked oscillation of the lower branch for a wide range of experiment parameters. This phenomenon is explained as the temporally periodic modulation of the gain of the upper-branch oscillation by the electromagnetic radiation of the lower-branch oscillation through the periodic bunching of the electron beam.
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