Abstract
High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy measurements on the (001) surface of BaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$, a parent compound of Fe-based high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors, reveal a complex surface with coexisting structural phases. Large areas display a squarelike $(\sqrt{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{2})R{45}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ structure with surface-pinned antiphase domains. The domain walls exhibit ${C}_{2}$ symmetry, in contrast with the bulk ${C}_{2v}$ geometric structure. We argue that the strong spin-lattice coupling at the surface results in the coexistence of structure and spin antiphase domain boundaries with ${C}_{2}$ symmetry.
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