Abstract
We present for the first time quantitative results for the coupled dynamics of second order fluctuations in the three conserved charges of QCD based on stochastic diffusion equations for a Bjorken-type expanding hadronic medium. We show that the fluctuations deviate from local equilibrium expectations which can result in important phenomenological consequences for the interpretation of experimental data.
Highlights
Fluctuation observables in heavy-ion collisions test the constituents and the transport properties of strongly interacting matter and may signal phase transitions or the chemical freeze-out
By using realistic values for the diffusion coefficients we investigate the competition between coupled diffusion and rapid expansion and find that the fluctuation observables are necessarily driven out of equilibrium
The diffusion coefficient matrix κi j as function of temperature T and chemical potential μ j has been calculated within kinetic theory in [3] for a hadron resonance gas composed of the 19 lightest hadron species
Summary
Fluctuation observables in heavy-ion collisions test the constituents and the transport properties of strongly interacting matter and may signal phase transitions or the chemical freeze-out. The fluctuations in the three conserved charges of QCD, net-baryon number B, net-electric charge Q and net-strangeness S , change through diffusion [1] Their evolution is coupled as the matter constituents typically carry more than just one charge. By using realistic values for the diffusion coefficients we investigate the competition between coupled diffusion and rapid expansion and find that the fluctuation observables are necessarily driven out of equilibrium. This may have important phenomenological consequences for the interpretation of experimental data
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