Couple Stress Hybrid Nanofluid Flow through a Converging-Diverging Channel

Malik Zaka Ullah,Dina Abuzaid,Abdul Bariq,M Asma,Amir Khan

doi:10.1155/2021/2355258

Malik Zaka Ullah, Dina Abuzaid + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2355258

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Abstract

This research work is aimed at scrutinizing the mathematical model for the hybrid nanofluid flow in a converging and diverging channel. Titanium dioxide and silver are considered solid nanoparticles while blood is considered as a base solvent. The couple stress fluid model is essentially used to describe the blood flow. The radiation terminology is also included in the energy equation for the sustainability of drug delivery. The aim is to link the recent study with the applications of drug delivery. It is well-known from the available literature that the combination of TiO 2 with any other metal can vanish more cancer cells than TiO 2 separately. Governing equations are altered into the system of nonlinear coupled equations the similarity variables. The Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) analytical approach is applied to obtain the preferred solution. The influence of the modeled parameters has been calculated and displayed. The confrontation to wall shear stress and hybrid nanofluid flow growth as the couple stress parameter rises which improves the stability of the base fluid (blood). The percentage (%) increase in the heat transfer rate with the variation of nanoparticle volume fraction is also calculated numerically and discussed.

Highlights

The flow of fluids in converging/diverging channels has significant applications in science and technology, such as flows in cavities and channels
The converging/divergent channels relate to the blood flow in the arteries and capillaries
The BVPh 1.0 and BVPh 2.0 are the latest packages of Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) that enhance the convergence of the proposed problems

Summary

Introduction

The flow of fluids in converging/diverging channels has significant applications in science and technology, such as flows in cavities and channels. The converging/divergent channels relate to the blood flow in the arteries and capillaries. The stretching converging and diverging channels are very significant to the blood flow due to the occurrence of stress effects. The researcher has worked in the same model for other industrial applications. Sheikholeslami et al [1] demonstrated the effect of nanoparticles considering Jeffery fluid. Turkyilmazoglu [2], Dogonchi and Ganji [3], Xia et al [4], and Mishra et al [5] have considered the same model for the fluid flow using the concept of shrinking/stretching in converging/diverging channels. In the case of the radial flow, equation (1) reduced to. The use of (10) and (11) and thermophysical properties alter equations (3)–(5) in the simplified form as F′′′

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