Countering Negative Images of Disability in Classical Literature

Abstract

The sinister hump of Richard III, evil prothesis of Captain Hook, fear-inducing, thumping wooden leg of Captain Ahab, and pitiable crutch of Tiny Tim are all allegorical symbols in our culture. Because books, especially classics, are powerful tools by which civilization perpetuates its values, English teachers have a unique opportunity and responsibility to counter injustice suffered by truly disabled persons caused by such negative stereotypical portrayals. The fact that message appears in a classic gives it respectability and even prestige, making it difficult for those with real disabilities to overcome deeply entrenched, complex prejudices (Thurer, 1980). Lenny, mentally retarded character in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men who killed living thingsincluding a young woman-because he was unaware of his own strength, is an image that may very well be involved in minds of those who oppose group homes for developmentally disabled (Biklen and Bogdan, 1977). Steinbeck's Lenny was based on image of the moron as a menace popular during early part of this century. Kanner (1964) captured essence of this image when he noted that