Abstract

We studied ultrasmall Al single tunnel junctions with various tunnel resistances and lead resistances. The leads were made of linear arrays of Al junctions or NiCr thin films. The Coulomb blockade in normal single junctions was observed clearly when both the tunnel resistance and the lead resistance were higher than the resistance quantumR K=h/e 2=25.8kΩ, otherwise it was suppressed. The superconductor-insulator (SI) transition in single Josephson junctions was also observed. We claim that this transition is a manifestation of the dissipative phase transition predicted by the theory.

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