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Abstract
Epigenetics is a field of study investigating changes in gene expression that do not alter the DNA sequence. These changes are often influenced by environmental or social factors and are reversible. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA. Understanding the role of these epigenetic mechanisms in human diseases provides useful information with regard to disease severity and development. Several studies have searched for the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate allergies and asthma; however, only few studies have used samples of eosinophil, a proinflammatory cell type known to be largely recruited during allergic or asthmatic inflammation. Such studies would enable us to better understand the factors that influence the massive recruitment of eosinophils during allergic and asthmatic symptoms. In this review, we sought to summarize different studies that aimed to discover differential patterns of histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs in eosinophil samples of individuals with certain diseases, with a particular focus on those with asthma or allergic diseases.
Highlights
Inflammation is a central part of human immunity and helps to prevent various bacterial and viral infections
Several epigenetic modifications are involved in human health and diseases, mainly histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs, all of which are described in this review
This review sought to list and summarize studies that employed eosinophil samples from individuals with various diseases to better understand the role of these cells; we focused mainly on studies that used samples from individuals with allergies or asthma
Summary
Inflammation is a central part of human immunity and helps to prevent various bacterial and viral infections. Several epigenetic modifications are involved in human health and diseases, mainly histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs, all of which are described in this review. Several studies have examined the differences between these epigenetic measures in individuals with allergies and asthma, providing useful insights into how these differential measures can influence the development or severity of these diseases or even aid in their diagnosis [5]. Few studies have examined the influence of these modifications on eosinophils, which could prove useful for gaining a better understanding of the role of this cell type in asthma and allergic diseases. This review sought to list and summarize studies that employed eosinophil samples from individuals with various diseases to better understand the role of these cells; we focused mainly on studies that used samples from individuals with allergies or asthma. Original articles that used eosinophil samples for either discovery or confirmation cohorts were retained for this review
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