Could Meadow Passerine Distribution Within a Grassland System be Influenced by Spatial Variation in the Mowing Schedule?

Abstract

This study explored meadow passerine capacity to select habitat conditions likely to preserve their breeding success. We observed the variation in bird abundance, assessed with the point count method, over a 25-year period (1993–2017) within two phytosociological facies of the hay-meadows in the lower Saone Valley (3.000 ha), eastern France: a meso-hygrophilic facies characterized by increasingly early mowing, and a hygrophilic facies mown later, with thereby a lower risk of nesting failure. At the beginning of the monitoring (1993–2001), birds were evenly distributed within the two facies. Later on, as more than 90% of meso-hygrophilic meadows were already mown by July 1, birds became more abundant in the hygrophilic facies. This trend was observed in each of the two most abundant species, the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra and the Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra. In two hygrophilic areas (55 and 76 ha) and two meso-hygrophilic areas (49 and 116 ha), passerine territories were mapped in 2011 with the territory mapping method and invertebrates were captured weekly on transects with colour plates and Barber traps. In spite of substantially higher invertebrate abundance, passerine territory density was lower in meso-hygrophilic study sites (6.4 territories/ 10 ha vs. 10.6). Within each study site however, captured invertebrates were more abundant in the areas selected by territorial birds. In fact, bird abundance estimated from point counts in 2011 varied negatively with the percentage mown by July 1 within a 200m-radius in 2010. This apparently adaptive behaviour leading to a selection of later mown fields seemed to be successful since bird abundance increased until 2010. However, after a succession of extreme climatic events (droughts, late floods), passerine abundance declined thereafter in both facies.