Could Different Formulations of Grape Seed (Vitis vinifera) Influence the Physical Properties of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement?

Abstract

Objective:The aim is to evaluate the ability of different formulations of grape seed (GS) to influence the physical properties of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC).Materials and Methods:Five groups were considered; Group I: Unmodified GIC (control), II: 3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC, III: 5% v/v GS oil-modified GIC, IV: 3% v/v ethanolic extract of GS (EEGS)-modified GIC and V: 5% v/v EEGS-modified GIC. Assessment parameters were; compressive strength, shear bond strength, surface roughness, water sorption and solubility and color difference. A representative specimen of each group was used for being analyzed by the Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Analysis of variance was used to compare the results, followed by a Tukey post hoc test (P < 0.05).Results:3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC only exhibited a significant increase in its compressive strength and shear bond strength. Concurrently, there was a significant decrease in surface roughness, water sorption and solubility for 3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC group (P < 0.05). The least color change was for 3% v/v GS oil-modified GIC, which is a clinically acceptable change.Conclusions:3% v/v GS oil-modified conventional GIC is an optimistic formulation of a restorative material with enhanced physical properties and agreeable esthetic.