Abstract
Objectives: To study the ambulatory measured blood pressure (ABPM) profile in normotensive patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients and Methods: The study was designed as a case control study including 50male patients with mild cognitive impairment in the age group of 30 - 50 years old. The control group included 30 volunteers with no cognitive impairment and in the same age group (30 - 50 years old) and same gender. Mini-mental estate examination, office and ABP monitoring (ABPM) and brain MRI scans were done for cases and controls. Results: Thirty patients (60%) with MCI revealed a non-dipper blood pressure pattern. Sleeping systolic blood pressure and sleeping systolic load were significantly higher in patients with MCI than in normal volunteers (p = 0.01). MRI brain showed more white matter lesions (WMLs) in patients with MCI than in normal volunteers; however, this didn’t reach significance level (p = 0.056). Conclusion: MCI in normotensive young adult patients could reflect an abnormal circadian blood pressure rhythm. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring could be an essential investigation in young adult MCI patients.
Highlights
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to cognitive impairment that does not meet the criteria for dementia
Regarding the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring, we found that the sleep systolic BP and sleep MAP had a significant strong correlation at the p = 0.01 level with the MRI score (R = 0.58, p = 0.001)
Our results revealed that the night MAP and diastolic dysfunction had the strongest impact on the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score
Summary
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to cognitive impairment that does not meet the criteria for dementia. Several criteria and subtypes of MCI have been proposed [1]-[3]. These criteria include a measurable deficit in cognition in at least one domain, in absence of dementia or impairment in activities of daily living. The concept of MCI emphasizes memory impairment and is suggested to be a precursor state for Alzheimer disease (AD). The construct is expanded to broaden the scope of MCI to other cognitive domains, thereby extending the early detection of other dementias in their prodromal stages [6]-[8]. The test result may be classified as normal (score: 25 - 30), mild cognitive (score: 21 - 24) and severe cognitive impairment (score: 0 - 9)
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