Abstract
Cottonseed is an important source of protein, oil, and minerals for human health and livestock feed. Therefore, understanding the physiological and genetic traits influencing the nutrient content is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of leaf shape—curly leaf (CRL)—on cottonseed protein, oil, and minerals. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effect of the curly leaf trait on cottonseed protein, oil, and minerals in cotton lines differing in leaf shape. Our hypothesis was that since leaf shape is known to be associated with nutrient uptake, assimilation, and photosynthesis process, leaf shape can influence seed protein, oil, and minerals. A two-year field experiment using two curly leaf lines (Uzbek CRL and DP 5690 CRL) and one normal leaf (DP 5690 wild type) line was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Stoneville, MS, USA. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that both Uzbek CRL and DP 5690 wild type lines had higher seed oil, and nutrients N, P, K, and Mg than DP 5690 CRL. Calcium was higher in DP 5690 CRL for two years and protein was only higher than the parents in 2015. Consistent significant positive and negative correlations between some nutrients were observed, which may be due to environmental conditions, especially heat. This indicates that curly leaf trait may partially regulate the accumulation of these nutrients in seeds. The results demonstrated that leaf shape trait—curly leaf—can affect cottonseed nutritional qualities. This research is important to breeders for cotton selection for high seed oil or protein, and to other researchers to further understand the genetic impact of leaf shapes on seed nutritional quality. It is also important for scientists to use leaf shape as a tool for physiological, biochemical, and morphological research related to leaf development.
Highlights
Cottonseed is among the major sources of nutrients for human nutrition and livestock feed
In 2014, mean values of nutrients showed that Uzbek curly leaf (CRL) and DP 5690 wild type had higher seed oil, N, P, K, and Mg than DP 5690 CRL, but protein content in DP 5690 CRL was higher in 2015 only or high as in DP 5690 wild type in 2014, Uzbek CRL was higher than both lines (Table 2)
The current research showed that curly leaf trait can alter cottonseed nutrition, including protein, oil, and some macronutrients, including N, P, K, and Ca
Summary
Cottonseed is among the major sources of nutrients for human nutrition and livestock feed. The authors of [5,6,7] studied the development of leaf cells of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana and of the curly leaf mutant. It was reported that the period of leaf development was similar to both the mutant and wild type, but the rate of cell elongation and cell division were lower in the curly leaf mutant. Morphological studies showed that multicellular organisms’ morphologies are regulated by mechanisms that control shapes, sizes, and numbers of cells [5], and the rates of cell division and elongation are known to contribute to the final shape of the leaf [8]. Kim et al [5] found that the two-dimensional growth of the leaf blade was genetically controlled by regulation of the polar elongation of cells, supporting previous research by others [11]. Recent studies suggest that the wild type curly leaf gene is required to repress transcription of the AG gene in leaves, inflorescence stems and flowers [7,12]
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