Cotton insect pest management on small scale farms in Zambia—I. Farmers' perceptions

Abstract

A random sample of 90 small scale cotton growers was selected and interviewed in three target areas, to investigate the perceptions of farmers towards cotton insect pest management in Zambia. Information is given on farmers control practices, their perceptions of insect damage and the effectiveness of control. All farmers interviewed were knowledgeable about the common insect pests of cotton. The American bollworm (Heliothis armigera), red bollworm (Diparopsis castanea), and aphids (Aphis gossypii) were reported to be the worst pests. Some farmers use more insecticide applications than is locally recommended probably because they overestimate potential losses. Many farmers felt that the insecticides they use (pyrethroids) are very effective against pests. In some cases, the ED formulation of Cypermethrin was reported to be more effective than EC formulations. The commonly practised nonchemical methods of insect control are growing cotton in rotation with other crops and destruction of cotton plants after harvest. Only a few farmers were aware of the role of biological control and the significance of weeding in cotton pest management. Many farmers inspected their crops to decide the timing of spray applications but did not follow the recommended scouting methods.