Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed trichomes expand via diffuse growing mechanism

Abstract

The ultrastructure of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed trichomes was investigated to obtain insight into their growth behavior during the phase of rapid cell elongation. A mold and cast method of scanning electron microscopy was used to record the morphological changes in the ovular surface during the initiation and elongation of trichomes. A rapid freeze-fixation and freeze-substitution protocol was used to study the cytological features of trichomes at 2 days after anthesis. At the cytological level, attention was primarily focused on determining whether the seed trichomes display features that are characteristic of other tip-growing plant cells, including organelle zonation, polarized deposition of cell wall, axial orientation of microtubules, and microfilament meshwork at the cell apex. Our results show that cotton seed trichomes do not share any ultrastructural characteristic with other tip-growing plant cells. Rather, they show all the characteristics of cells that undergo diffuse growth. The roles of actin microfilaments and microtubules were also investigated through an in vitro administration of cytochalasin D and colchicine. Although the disruption of actin filaments did not stop trichome growth, disruption of microtubules did prevent polarized cell expansion. Based on these results, cotton seed trichomes are not tip-growing cells but expand via diffuse growth. Key words: cytoskeleton, freeze-fixation, freeze-substitution, Gossypium hirsutum, lint fibers, tip growth, trichomes.