Costs of Immunization Programs for 10 Vaccines in 94 Low- and Middle-Income Countries From 2011 to 2030

So Yoon Sim,Elizabeth Watts,Dagna Constenla,Shuoning Huang,Logan Brenzel,Bryan N Patenaude

doi:10.1016/j.jval.2020.07.010

So Yoon Sim, Elizabeth Watts + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.07.010

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Abstract

ObjectivesUnderstanding the level of investment needed for the 2021-2030 decade is important as the global community faces the next strategic period for vaccines and immunization programs. To assist with this goal, we estimated the aggregate costs of immunization programs for ten vaccines in 94 low- and middle-income countries from 2011 to 2030. MethodWe calculated vaccine, immunization delivery and stockpile costs for 94 low- and middle-income countries leveraging the latest available data sources. We conducted scenario analyses to vary assumptions about the relationship between delivery cost and coverage as well as vaccine prices for fully self-financing countries. ResultsThe total aggregate cost of immunization programs in 94 countries for 10 vaccines from 2011 to 2030 is $70.8 billion (confidence interval: $56.6-$93.3) under the base case scenario and $84.1 billion ($72.8-$102.7) under an incremental delivery cost scenario, with an increasing trend over two decades. The relative proportion of vaccine and delivery costs for pneumococcal conjugate, human papillomavirus, and rotavirus vaccines increase as more countries introduce these vaccines. Nine countries in accelerated transition phase bear the highest burden of the costs in the next decade, and uncertainty with vaccine prices for the 17 fully self-financing countries could lead to total costs that are 1.3-13.1 times higher than the base case scenario. ConclusionResource mobilization efforts at the global and country levels will be needed to reach the level of investment needed for the coming decade. Global-level initiatives and targeted strategies for transitioning countries will help ensure the sustainability of immunization programs.

Highlights

As the global community faces the strategic period for vaccines and immunization programs, understanding the level of investment needed for the 2021 to 2030 decade is critical to mobilizing resources and developing effective strategies to increase access to vaccines around the world.Costing exercises have been an important pillar of global immunization agenda setting
Lydon et al (2014) explored further routine immunization delivery costs from 2011 to 2020.3 Portnoy et al (2015) estimated the resource needs for 94 countries to meet the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) goal at an aggregate level,[4] and the results from the study were used to estimate the global return on investment for 1 dollar invested in immunization programs against 10 pathogens.[5]
The study focused on 94 low- and middle-income countries, including 73 countries supported by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, an international organization that brings together public and private sectors to increase access to new and underused vaccines through market-shaping efforts and cost-sharing for vaccines.[7]

Summary

Introduction

As the global community faces the strategic period for vaccines and immunization programs, understanding the level of investment needed for the 2021 to 2030 decade is critical to mobilizing resources and developing effective strategies to increase access to vaccines around the world.Costing exercises have been an important pillar of global immunization agenda setting. As the global community faces the strategic period for vaccines and immunization programs, understanding the level of investment needed for the 2021 to 2030 decade is critical to mobilizing resources and developing effective strategies to increase access to vaccines around the world. Looking ahead to the coming decade, we estimated the costs of immunization programs for 10 vaccines in 94 low- and middleincome countries from 2011 to 2030 to inform Immunization Agenda 2030, a new global vision and strategy based on the lessons learned from the past decade.[6] this study follows the tradition of the previous costing exercises, it contributes further to the literature by updating the methodologies, leveraging newly available data sources, and varying assumptions that are relevant to future strategic priorities

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