Abstract
This paper aims to develop appropriate solutions for each of the causes for the change orders, which help to manage the cost risk in road projects in Iraq. The literature was reviewed in detail, and the objectives were implemented by using a questionnaire that was distributed to specialists in the public sector to survey all possible causes for exceeding the cost of road projects. As a result, 35 causes were identified for a large number of change orders in road projects and their classification into four axes: design, implementation, financial, and other causes. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using the relative importance index (RII). As a result, the main causes of the change orders were the variations in design and the quantities of work. The main effect was found to be an increase in the cost of the project. Finally, solutions were collected for each of the factors causing the change order through personal interviews with professionals and consultants.
Highlights
Change orders in construction are the variations that happen in different phases of the project because of different factors causing different impacts in the construction up to the failure of the project often.In Iraq, almost all projects have delays in completion and cost impacts because of the change orders, which are not well managed
As a result of this research, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. From the results of the first and second questionnaires, it can be concluded that the most influential causes for change orders related to the design axis are the change in design and can be minimized or avoided by assigning experienced engineers in the preparation of designs, the selection of accurate consultancy offices in the preparation of tables of quantities, study the requirements of work in all economic and scientific aspects taking into account the expansion and future changes, the use of references and international standards adopted in the preparation of designs, reduce the design change by verification after completion of the design and involve the owner in the design to comply with its requirements
From the results of the first and second questionnaires, one can deduce that the most influential causes for the change orders related to the axis of implementation are the change in the quantities of work and can be minimized or avoided by choosing careful and careful consultants in the preparation of tables of quantities, checking the tables of quantities with designs before adoption, using of the manual standard in preparing quantities, working according to designs and forming measurement teams during the implementation phases
Summary
Change orders in construction are the variations that happen in different phases of the project because of different factors causing different impacts in the construction up to the failure of the project often. In Iraq, almost all projects have delays in completion and cost impacts because of the change orders, which are not well managed. This research intends to give the construction industry the change order causes, effects, controls and their impact on the cost to the Iraqi construction industry by taking into consideration the survey questionnaire done with the professionals. Publishing rights belongs to University of Technology’s Press, Baghdad, Iraq. Vol 38, Part A, (2020), No 02, Pages 166-172. 1. Identify the factors, which cause the change orders for road projects
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