Cost-effectiveness of pain management services for chronic low back pain: a systematic review of published studies

Saja H Almazrou,Shiekha S Alaujan,Rachel A Elliott,Roger D Knaggs

doi:10.1186/s12913-020-5013-1

Abstract

BackgroundChronic low back pain (CLBP) is a highly prevalent condition that has substantial impact on patients, the healthcare system and society. Pain management services (PMS), which aim to address the complex nature of back pain, are recommended in clinical practice guidelines to manage CLBP. Although the effectiveness of such services has been widely investigated in relation to CLBP, the quality of evidence underpinning the use of these services remains moderate. Therefore the aim is to summarize and critically appraise the current evidence for the cost effectiveness of pain management services for managing chronic back pain.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO from their inception to February 2019. Full economic evaluations undertaken from any perspective conducted alongside randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or based on decision analysis models were included. Cochrane Back Review Group (CBRG) risk assessment and the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist were used to assess the methodological quality of eligible studies.ResultsFive studies fulfilled eligibility criteria. The interventions varied significantly between studies in terms of the number and types of treatment modalities, intensity and the duration of the program. Interventions were compared with either standard care, which varied according to the country and the setting; or to surgical interventions. Three studies showed that pain management services are cost effective, while two studies showed that these services are not cost effective.In this review, three out of five studies had a high risk of bias based on the design of the randomised controlled trials (RCTs). In addition, there were limitations in the statistical and sensitivity analyses in the economic evaluations. Therefore, the results from these studies need to be interpreted with caution.ConclusionPain management services may be cost effective for the management of low back pain. However, this systematic review highlights the variability of evidence supporting pain management services for patients with back pain. This is due to the quality of the published studies and the variability of the setting, interventions, comparators and outcomes.

Highlights

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a highly prevalent condition that has substantial impact on patients, the healthcare system and society
The indirect cost due to productivity loss represent a large proportion of the overall cost; a systematic review of 27 cost-of illness studies conducted worldwide showed that back pain has a major impact on indirect costs, which can represent 50 to 89% of the total costs [6]
The results demonstrated a moderate effect in favour of the pain management services (PMS) in improving disability and pain

Summary

Introduction

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a highly prevalent condition that has substantial impact on patients, the healthcare system and society. Pain management services (PMS), which aim to address the complex nature of back pain, are recommended in clinical practice guidelines to manage CLBP. The aim is to summarize and critically appraise the current evidence for the cost effectiveness of pain management services for managing chronic back pain. Low back pain is a common health condition; the estimated global mean point prevalence is 11.9% [1]. Low back pain affects relationships, increases feelings of loneliness, cohabitation problems, and concerns surrounding sexual relations, and reduces social interaction. Low back pain has been suggested to be the leading cause of disability worldwide [5], with an associated substantial economic burden. The indirect cost due to productivity loss represent a large proportion of the overall cost; a systematic review of 27 cost-of illness studies conducted worldwide showed that back pain has a major impact on indirect costs, which can represent 50 to 89% of the total costs [6]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion