Cost Effective Monitoring and Visualization System Used for Real-Time Monitoring of Downhole Operations from the Wellhead

Abstract

Abstract A major challenge of multistage completion systems is visualizing and verifying critical operations, especially during high pressure pumping operations, such as hydraulic fracturing. An innovative new technology has been developed to detect and visualize those key completion operations using easily installed surface equipment. This paper describes the real-time visualization system (RTVS), its deployment and operation, and includes examples from the field. Several methods are currently available to monitor operational events that are critical to the successful execution of a multistage fracturing program. Traditionally, surface pressure signatures and manual methods are used to verify completion equipment functions. However, in many cases the signature is not present or is ambiguous. Microseismic and fiber optic systems are complex and expensive to deploy. The new RTVS method is a surface deployed; non-invasive, self-contained system that provides easy to use high resolution data. The system provides visual representation of downhole and surface events using a unique and specialized array of electronic sensors. The ruggedized, monitoring system can be rapidly deployed and installed by a single operator, with little or no interference with concurrent surface or downhole operations. Power supply and instrumentation is portable with a very small footprint acceptable for onshore and offshore applications. The system operates independently from conventional pressure measurement, and is designed to provide real-time feedback during completion operations. During multistage hydraulic fracturing operations, the system will positively verify the function of fracture ball deployment, ball seating, and sliding sleeves, as well as setting of liner hangers and mechanical packers. RTVS can also detect coiled tubing sleeve location and operation, perforating gun firing, plug setting, and function of other downhole and related surface equipment. Additionally, the system has the ability to detect failure of downhole equipment, such as casing or tubing breaches in real-time during hydraulic fracturing operations. Real-time monitoring enables on-the-fly optimization of the fracture treatment and eliminates uncertainty regarding deployment and operation of downhole equipment. This non-invasive, cost-effective completion equipment and stimulation treatment monitoring system is the first technology of its kind. Combining an array of sensors and innovative signal analysis, this easily deployed system can detect operation and failure of surface and downhole equipment. Real-time monitoring of wellsite events can improve decision making on location, optimizing completion operations, and improving well economics.