Abstract
The deployment of intelligent remote surveillance systems depends on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) composed of various miniature resource-constrained wireless sensor nodes. The development of routing protocols for WSNs is a major challenge because of their severe resource constraints, ad hoc topology and dynamic nature. Among those proposed routing protocols, the biology-inspired self-organized secure autonomous routing protocol (BIOSARP) involves an artificial immune system (AIS) that requires a certain amount of time to build up knowledge of neighboring nodes. The AIS algorithm uses this knowledge to distinguish between self and non-self neighboring nodes. The knowledge-building phase is a critical period in the WSN lifespan and requires active security measures. This paper proposes an enhanced BIOSARP (E-BIOSARP) that incorporates a random key encryption mechanism in a cost-effective manner to provide active security measures in WSNs. A detailed description of E-BIOSARP is presented, followed by an extensive security and performance analysis to demonstrate its efficiency. A scenario with E-BIOSARP is implemented in network simulator 2 (ns-2) and is populated with malicious nodes for analysis. Furthermore, E-BIOSARP is compared with state-of-the-art secure routing protocols in terms of processing time, delivery ratio, energy consumption, and packet overhead. The findings show that the proposed mechanism can efficiently protect WSNs from selective forwarding, brute-force or exhaustive key search, spoofing, eavesdropping, replaying or altering of routing information, cloning, acknowledgment spoofing, HELLO flood attacks, and Sybil attacks.
Highlights
IntroductionCommunication,low-cost low-costminiaturized miniaturized devices that be used for monitoring number of diverse applications have been introduced [1]
IntroductionIn devices that cancan be used for monitoring in aIn wireless wireless communication, communication,low-cost low-costminiaturized miniaturized devices that be used for monitoring number of diverse applications have been introduced [1].These devices are equipped with one or in a number of diverse applications have been introduced [1]
The architecture of E-biology-inspired self-organized secure autonomous routing protocol (BIOSARP) is based on BIOSARP but is further enhanced with a random generator based on a mathematical function [26], the same as that incorporated into Secure Real-Time Load Distribution (SRTLD)
Summary
Communication,low-cost low-costminiaturized miniaturized devices that be used for monitoring number of diverse applications have been introduced [1]. Because of the encryption mechanism used in E-BIOSARP, WSN communication is secured even during the critical learning and initialization phases. By incorporating a random key encryption and decryption mechanism [26] into BIOSARP, we propose an enhanced BIOSARP named E-BIOSARP to provide overall network communication security from the very beginning of the establishment of a WSN at a low performance cost. Our security analysis shows that E-BIOSARP is resilient against data tampering attacks, selective forwarding, brute-force or exhaustive key search, spoofing, eavesdropping, replaying or altering of routing information, cloning, acknowledgment spoofing, HELLO flood attacks, and.
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