Cost Advantages of Two-Level Anterior Cervical Fusion with Rigid Internal Fixation for Radiculopathy and Degenerative Disease

Abstract

Background Conventional anterior cervical discectomy with fusion is thought to require postoperative neck immobilization for the promotion of bony fusion. Rigid internal fixation with anterior cervical plates may decrease graft-related complications and provide immediate stability. This stability may obviate postoperative external immobilization. Methods This report reviews one surgeon’s experience with the use of rigid internal fixation for two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for radiculopathy to promote early mobilization without external bracing. It compares outcomes and costs with a similar population of patients treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion who did not undergo rigid internal fixation. We compared patients who underwent two-level allograft anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with or without rigid internal fixation between 1989 and 1994 performed by a single surgeon (FJP) to evaluate the cost advantages and outcome of each procedure. All patients had clinical evidence of cervical radiculopathy unresponsive to medical therapy with magnetic resonance imaging confirmation of the appropriate nerve root impingement. Thirty-nine patients underwent two-level Cloward allograft fusion using Synthes anterior cervical locking plates, 25 underwent identical fusion without plating. Follow-up was 6 months to 4 years (mean, 31 months). Results Twenty-three of 25 patients in the nonplated group and 36 of 39 patients in the plated group achieved excellent or good outcomes using the Odom criteria. There were six complications (two major and four minor) in each group. Patients who underwent plating returned to light activities (mean, 17 vs. 29 days), driving (28 vs. 57 days), and unrestricted work (66 vs. 136 days) sooner than nonplated patients ( p < 0.05, paired t test). No patient with plates was given external immobilization. Conclusions Two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with anterior plating for radiculopathy is safe, effective, and seems to provide shorter convalescence compared with conventional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Patients returned to unrestricted work sooner, thus reducing short-term disability. Rigid internal fixation may provide cost advantages to patients and insurance disability providers. The authors conclude that the increased cost of treatment for rigid internal fixation is more than offset by the benefits of earlier mobilization.