Abstract
A number of measurement scales for distance are employed in cosmology: aberration, commoving, photometric, and angular diameter. The photometric distance scale D L based on the absolute magnitude standard M st SN Ia of type SN Ia supernovae has yielded a fundamental result: the expansion of the universe is accelerating. The photometric distance scale is based on the fact that in a binary star system, when a white dwarf reaches the Chandrasekhar mass limit [1] owing to accretion of matter from a satellite or merging, it becomes a supernova with an almost constant absolute stellar magnitude at the luminosity peak. Thus, the importance of a calibration using this type of reference scale for cosmological distances based on red shift, which is inherent in almost all extragalactic objects, is evident. Scales of this type are calibrated by joint measurements. In this case, it is necessary to refi ne the photoelectric distance moduli for type SN Ia supernovae based on light curve templates by introducing corrections to the data on observed stellar magnitudes at the luminosity peak m peak and fi tting the free parameters of the model to the resulting standards:
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