Cosmological constraints with GRBs: homogeneous medium vs. wind density profile

Abstract

We present the constraints on the cosmological parameters obtained with the $E_{\rm peak}$--$E_{\gamma}$ correlation found with the most recent sample of 19 GRBs with spectroscopically measured redshift and well determined prompt emission spectral and afterglow parameters. We compare our results obtained in the two possible uniform jet scenarios, i.e. assuming a homogeneous density profile (HM) or a wind density profile (WM) for the circumburst medium. Better constraints on $\Omega_{M}$ and $\Omega_{\Lambda}$ are obtained with the (tighter) $E_{\rm peak}$--$E_{\gamma}$ correlation derived in the wind density scenario. We explore the improvements to the constraints of the cosmological parameters that could be reached with a large sample, $\sim$ 150 GRBs, in the future. We study the possibility to calibrate the slope of these correlations. Our optimization analysis suggests that $\sim 12$ GRBs with redshift $z\in(0.9,1.1)$ can be used to calibrate the $E_{\rm peak}$--$E_{\gamma}$ with a precision better than 1%. The same precision is expected for the same number of bursts with $z\in(0.45,0.75)$. This result suggests that we do not necessarily need a large sample of low z GRBs for calibrating the slope of these correlations.