Cosmological Constant and Energy Density of Random Electromagnetic Field

Ilya A Obukhov

doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2016.23028

Abstract

It is shown that the non-equilibrium electrically neutral and relativistically invariant vacuum-like state with the negative energy density and positive pressure may exist at the non-zero temperature in the system of spinor particles, antiparticles, and random electromagnetic field generated by particle-particle, particle-antiparticle, and antiparticle-antiparticle transitions. At the temperature of the order of 10 -5 K, the energy density of its state corresponds to the dark energy density in absolute magnitude. The cosmological constant for such material medium turns out to be negative.

Highlights

Article [1] shows that the quantum theory allows building up the relativistically invariant state of matter, for which pressure p and energy density ε are related as follows p = −ε
At the same time particles and antiparticles are in the thermal equilibrium, but far from the chemical equilibrium state governed by the equality of their chemical potentials
2c m2c2 + pF 2 1 2 ≈ 2mc2 1 + (1 2) (4 π −1)α kBTΛ. This non-equilibrium electrically neutral state exists due to the random electromagnetic field generated by spontaneous transitions between particles and antiparticles being in different quantum states

Summary

Introduction

The cosmological constant problem is relevant in the context of the experimental confirmation of the accelerated expansion of the Universe [6] This phenomenon can be explained with the help of the General Relativity, and by the different alternative versions of the Gravity Theory (see [7] and the articles cited there), where dark energy concept isn’t introduced. Is close, at least in the order-of-magnitude, to the value of ρ (Λ) ≈(7.21 ± 0.25) ×10−30 g ⋅ cm−3 resulted from the interpretation of astrophysical data [6] that has not been solved Solving this problem seems important for the understanding of potential physical phenomena leading to the formation of such material medium

Energy-Momentum Tensor of Random Electromagnetic Field

Energy Density and Pressure of Interacting Mixture

Conclusions