Abstract

The study of cosmic rays with underground accelerator experiments started with the LEP detectors at CERN. ALEPH, DELPHI and L3 studied some properties of atmospheric muons such as their multiplicity and momentum. In recent years, an extension and improvement of such studies has been carried out by ALICE and CMS experiments. Along with the LHC high luminosity program some experimental setups have been proposed to increase the potential discovery of LHC. An example is the MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles detector (MATHUSLA) designed for searching of Ultra Stable Neutral Particles, predicted by extensions of the Standard Model such as supersymmetric models, which is planned to be a surface detector placed 100 meters above ATLAS or CMS experiments. Hence, MATHUSLA can be suitable as a cosmic ray detector. In this manuscript the main results regarding cosmic ray studies with LHC experimental underground apparatus are summarized. The potential of future MATHUSLA proposal is also discussed.

Highlights

  • Cosmic rays that reach Earth’s atmosphere are made up of protons and heavy atomic nuclei.They arrive with energies between 108 eV and 1020 eV [1,2,3]

  • The nature of cosmic rays at very high energies is not completely known, since its propagation through the outer space is influenced by galactic magnetic fields and the direction from which they arrive at the Earth is not the same as that of their source [3,4]

  • The muon multiplicity distribution reconstructed with the ALICE cosmic data is similar to the one reported by ALEPH and DELPHI experiments [33], see Figure 1, where five events with more than 100 atmospheric muons are seen. This is the first time that the rate of high muon multiplicity (HMM) events was described using the available hadronic interaction models

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Summary

Introduction

Cosmic rays that reach Earth’s atmosphere are made up of protons and heavy atomic nuclei. It has been proposed a model based on the production of deconfined thermal fireballs which undergoes a sudden hadronization assuming a heavy component for the primary cosmic ray at ultra high energies [37]. Models constructed under the assumption that the explanation of the muon excess reported by the Pierre Auger Observatory come from a reduction of the production or decay of π 0 due to a reduction of the transfer of energy from the hadronic part of the shower into the electromagnetic component of the EAS [39] This is achieved through scenarios which considers physical phenomena like chiral symmetry restoration, pion decay suppression and pion production suppression [39]. In all these novel proposals, the physics observable of interest is the multiplicity of muons (Nμ ) contained in the leptonic component of the EAS

Cosmic Ray Studies with LHC Experiments
Future Experimental Arrangement
Stand Alone Mode
Combined Mode
Comparison with Other EAS Detectors
Conclusions
Findings
Methods
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