Cosmic Initial Singularities in a Single Repeating Universe as Opposed to Their Behavior in a Multiverse

Andrew Beckwith

doi:10.13189/ujpa.2014.020202

Abstract

When initial radius of the universe in four dimensions and there is only ONE repeating universe then Rinitial→0 or gets very close to zero if Stoica actually derived Einstein equations in a formalism which remove in four dimensions the big bang singularity pathology. So then the reason for Planck length no longer holds. This assumes a repeating single universe. We present entanglement entropy in the early universe with a shrinking scale factor, due to Muller and Lousto , and show that there are consequences due to initial entanged for a time dependent horizonradius rH in cosmology, with (flat space conditions) rH=η for conformal time . Even if the 3 dimensional spatial length goes to zero. This construction preserves a minimum non zero ∧ vacuum energy, and in doing so keep the bits, for computational bits cosmological evolution even if in four dimensions we have Rinitial→0. We also find that in the case of a multiverse, that such considerations will not hold and that cosmic singularities have a different characteristic in the multiverse setting than in the single universe repeated over and over again. i.e. using an argument borrowed and modified from Kauffman, the multiverse will not mandate ‘perfect’ singularities. The existence of a multiverse may allow for non zero singularities in lieu with the Kauffman argument cited at the end of the document, plus the lower pre big bang temperatures which may allow for the survivial of gravitons just before the onset of the cosmological expansion phase, if a multiverse exists embedding our present universe.

Highlights

Introduction repeating universeIn such a situation, one can employ the following argument as to a singularity with the aforementioned behavior as given below
We investigate via simple arguments involving scaling arguments for the Friedman equations what to expect in the case that the cosmological “constant” is a constant or has a temperature dependence as T to the beta power, according to formalism developed by Park et al [1]
To make the point of this, we can refer to the Penrose CCC [3] hypothesis as yet another way to delineate this same repeating universe, with black holes in four dimensions

Summary

Introduction

Introduction repeating universeIn such a situation, one can employ the following argument as to a singularity with the aforementioned behavior as given below. To first order, one is looking at Initial entropy to get a non zero but definite vacuum energy as leading to an entanglement entropy of about ( just before the electro weak regime)

Results

Conclusion