Abstract
In this paper, the relationship between the geodynamics and cosmic expansion is analyzed and demonstrated from the basic physical principles and various natural phenomena, and the conclusion is drawn that cosmic expansion is the dynamic force source of all planetary tectonic movements in the universe. The energy for the formation and change of landscape and the energy of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions all come from the cosmic expansion. With the cosmic expansion, the energy density of space is decreasing, the atoms and molecules of all matter in the universe are growing, and the magma is expanding and producing gases. As the earth’s internal pressure rises, the mechanical energy that accumulates within the magma forms the driving force of the earth’s various tectonic movements, and the release of these energy and matter (expansive magma and high-pressure gases) leads to the formation and the changes of the landform (such as orogenesis, epeirogenesis, the formation of the earth’s plates, the Earth expansion, the seafloor spreading, and the continental drift), as well as to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In this paper, the causes of all kinds of earthquakes, especially deep focus earthquakes, are given and almost all known seismic phenomena are explained, the basic principle and method of earthquake prediction are given, and the direction is pointed out for the elimination of earthquakes and the utilization of earthquake energy. Based on the same principle of physics, this paper also shows that the Ice-Age is caused by the acceleration of the speed of the motion of the solar system relative to the Milky Way in certain regions of the Milky Way. The greater the speed of the solar system relative to the Milky Way, the greater the drop in Earth surface temperature.
Highlights
There have been numerous theories of geodynamics in the past 100 years, and at present there are mainly the following hypotheses [1]: 1) Hypothesis on the Earth contraction; 2) Hypothesis on the Earth expansion; 3) Hypothesis of the Earth pulsation; 4) Hypothesis on the Earth rotation; 5) Hypothesis on the surge tectonic; 6) A model of layer-block tectonic thermal-upwelling and the Earth’s rotation
As the earth’s internal pressure rises, the mechanical energy that accumulates within the magma forms the driving force of the earth’s various tectonic movements, and the release of these energy and matter leads to the formation and the changes of the landform, as well as to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
The academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences Ma Zhongjin [1] said a reasonable geodynamic hypothesis must satisfy at least three conditions: 1) It can explain the global tectonic characteristics, spatial distribution laws and tectonic evolution process; 2) The dynamic factor it depends on has sufficient energy and its action mode can reasonably explain the characteristics of the tectonic deformation field; 3) It conforms to the basic principles of physics and the physical and chemical properties of earth interior materials
Summary
There have been numerous theories of geodynamics in the past 100 years, and at present there are mainly the following hypotheses [1]: 1) Hypothesis on the Earth contraction; 2) Hypothesis on the Earth expansion; 3) Hypothesis of the Earth pulsation; 4) Hypothesis on the Earth rotation; 5) Hypothesis on the surge tectonic; 6) A model of layer-block tectonic thermal-upwelling and the Earth’s rotation. Plate tectonics led us to realize that the surface of the planet on which we are living was divided into rigid plates that have been moving, and that the earth is a dynamic planet, driven by a deep force that causes earthquakes and volcanoes, uplifts mountains and makes the ocean floor to spread, and gradually changes the shape of the earth’s surface, shaping the spectacular natural landscape on the surface and bringing rich mineral resources to human civilization. The revolution is not over, because the source and nature of the driving force behind the planetary tectonic movement are unclear [2]. The current geodynamic models are not perfect mainly because the driving force or the energy source for the planetary tectonic movement has not been found. The purpose of this study is to provide the driving force or energy source for the planetary tectonic movements and to propose a complete geodynamic model. The model can point out the direction for the future elimination of earthquake and the exploitation and utilization of earthquake energy
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