Cosmic evolution in [formula omitted] gravity: Exploring a higher-order time-dependent function of deceleration parameter with observational constraints

Abstract

In this research paper, we explore a well-motivated parametrization of the time-dependent deceleration parameter, characterized by a cubic form in cosmic time t, in the context of late-time cosmic acceleration. The whole analysis of our work is within the framework of f(Q,T) gravity theory, where we consider the background metric as the homogeneous and isotropic one represented by the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric. We solve the field equations with the considered functional form of d(t). In order to find some best fit values of the model parameters and validate our obtained model, we constrain the model using some recent observational datasets, including cosmic chronometer (CC), Supernovae (SNIa), Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO), Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB), Gamma-ray Burst (GRB), and Quasar (Q) datasets. The joint analysis of these datasets results in tighter constraints for the model parameters, enabling us to discuss both the physical and geometrical aspects of the model. Moreover, we determine the present values of the deceleration parameter (q0), the Hubble parameter (H0), and the transition redshift (zt) from deceleration to acceleration ensuring consistency with some recent results of Planck 2018. Our statistical analysis yields highly improved results, surpassing those obtained in previous investigations. Overall, this study presents valuable insights into the higher order q(t) model and its implications for late-time cosmic acceleration, shedding light on the nature of the late universe.