Cosmic dynamics of isotropic models with inhomogeneous EoS: A dynamical system perspective

Abstract

We examine the homogeneous and isotropic models sourced by the fluid having an inhomogenous equation of state (EoS) using qualitative methods. The flat Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) model explains the accelerating universe expansion of the present era having past of decelerating era dominated by radiation and matter. The open FLRW model incorporates the radiation, matter and dark energy dominated era in order with the spatial curvature playing role just before the accelerated universe evolution. The dominating behaviors of radiation, matter and spatial curvature affect the evolution trajectories of the deceleration and effective EoS parameter, which are obtained by the numerical solutions of autonomous system. The model parameters affect the nature of dark energy and therefore the EoS parameter may also lie in the quintessence or phantom regions. The closed FLRW model having constant positive curvature may yield the bouncing and turnaround universe evolution with dark energy-dominated phase at late-times. The application of statefinder diagnostic in the cosmological dynamical systems highlights that the universe may approach the [Formula: see text] cold dark matter ([Formula: see text]CDM) universe as a particular case in the future.