Abstract
We propose an alternative understanding of gravity, resulting from the extension of N. Wu’s gauge theory of gravity with massive gravitons, which are minimally coupled to massless gravitons. Based on this, we derive the equations of state for massive gravitons. We study the dynamics of these massive gravitons in a flat, homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. We calculate the critical points of the massive graviton dark energy interacting with background perfect fluid. These calculations may have crucial implications for the massive gravitons and dark energy theories. They could, therefore, have important repercussions for current cosmological problems.
Highlights
Observations of type Ia supernovae and of large-scale structure (LSS), in combination with measurements of the characteristic angular size of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] provide evidence that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating
We study the dynamics of these massive gravitons in a flat, homogeneous and isotropic FriedmannRobertson-Walker (FRW) universe and calculate the critical points of the massive graviton dark energy and background perfect
The most remarkable feature of the massive graviton dark energy is that its Equations of State (EoS) wC pC / C can be smaller than −1, while possessing a conventional positive kinetic term
Summary
Observations of type Ia supernovae and of large-scale structure (LSS), in combination with measurements of the characteristic angular size of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] provide evidence that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. The dark energy may result from Einstein’s cosmological constant (which is of a phenomenally small value); from evolving scalar fields [12]; and from a weakening of gravity in our 3 + 1 dimensions by leaking into the higher dimensions, as required in string theories [13] These explanations may have crucial implications for both massive gravitons and dark energy. In [14, 15], for instance, the vector field is considered as the source which drives the inflation; in [16, 17] the Lorentz-violated vector field and its effects to universe are studied; the quantum fluctuations of vector fields produced at the first stage of reheating after inflation is studied in [18]; the cosmology of massive vector fields with SO(3) global symmetry is investigated in [19], For overviews of the literature on magnetic fields in the universe see [20, 21,22] and references therein They could, have important repercussions for current cosmological problems
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