Abstract
Fish oil has been broadly reported as a potential supplement to ameliorate the severity of some skin disorders such as photoaging, skin cancer, allergy, dermatitis, cutaneous wounds, and melanogenesis. There has been increasing interest in the relationship of fish oil with skin protection and homeostasis, especially with respect to the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The other PUFAs, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), also show a beneficial effect on the skin. The major mechanisms of PUFAs for attenuating cutaneous inflammation are the competition with the inflammatory arachidonic acid and the inhibition of proinflammatory eicosanoid production. On the other hand, PUFAs in fish oil can be the regulators that affect the synthesis and activity of cytokines for promoting wound healing. A systemic review was conducted to demonstrate the association between fish oil supplementation and the benefits to the skin. The following describes the different cosmetic and therapeutic approaches using fatty acids derived from fish oil, especially ALA, LA, DHA, and EPA. This review summarizes the cutaneous application of fish oil and the related fatty acids in the cell-based, animal-based, and clinical models. The research data relating to fish oil treatment of skin disorders suggest a way forward for generating advances in cosmetic and dermatological uses.
Highlights
The effect of fish oils in disease prevention and management has been studied for more than50 years
Conjugated linoleic acid (LA) was orally administered to the mouse bearing skin cancer to determine the presence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-δ and keratinocyte fatty acid binding protein (K-FABP), which are involved in cutaneous tumor promotion [81]
The fatty acids in fish oil can improve skin barrier function, inhibit UV-induced inflammation and hyperpigmentation, attenuate dry skin and pruritus elicited by dermatitis, accelerate skin wound healing, and prevent skin cancer development
Summary
The effect of fish oils in disease prevention and management has been studied for more than. Mar. Drugs 2018, 16, 256 acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, are the predominant PUFAs derived from fish oils. High dietary intake of fish oils associated with a very low occurrence of inflammation-related diseases and ischemic heart disorders [2]. A high percentage of omega-6 PUFAs in soybean oil contributes to the immunosuppressive effect [13]. The benefits of fish oil are primarily attributed to omega-3 fatty acids, found mainly in oily fish. We highlight recent advances in the application of fatty acids in fish oils for preventing or treating skin-associated disorders. Fish oil-based therapy is reported to treat various diseases such as photoaging, skin cancers, dermatitis, melanogenesis, and cutaneous infection. The promising perspective in this emerging application is discussed
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